Seasonal Variation in the Bore-Well and Open Well Quality of Water
Shaukat Patel1* and S.H. Quadri2
1Adarsh College, Omerga Dist. Osmanabad. (M. S.) India
2Maulana Azad College, Aurangabad. (M. S.) India
*Corresponding Author E-mail: shaukatpk@rediffmail.com
ABSTRACT:
The present study has been taken to determine the seasonal variation of the quality of bore well and open well water. Four different samples were analyzed during the year 2006 – 2007 and 2007 – 2008 for temperature, pH, Hardness due to Ca+2, Mg+2, Nitrates, Chlorides, Carbonates, Bicarbonates, DO, COD, Conductivity etc.
KEYWORDS: pH, Conductivity, Seasonal variation
INTRODUCTION:
Water is very important for life. No life is their without water. It is estimated that 2/3rd of the human body constituted of water1. Main source of water is rain2. Water is natural sources for drinking, domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes. It also has vital role in all the development activities. About 95% of the total available water all over the world is in the form of ground water. Thus quality of water is vital concern for mankind, since it is directly linked with human welfare3.
Use of ground water for drinking, irrigation and domestic purposes resulted in rapid depletion of ground water in various regions leading to lowering of water table and drying of wells. Floride pollution is global problem and WHO (1999) that 60 million people are affected in India and China and total global population affected as being 70 million nitrate is also of concern, chemical quality of drinking water in the tea garden belt, Assam. Sama and Bhattacharya4 studied the quality of drinking water in Assam with respect to fluoride, nitrate, arsenic etc.
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS:
Water samples were collected in cleaned borosilicate bottles washed with acetone. The different procedures were used as reported in literature5.
Temperature was measured by thermometers borosilicate glass wares, distilled water are SD-Fine chemicals and reagents were used throughout the all measurements.
The pH values of water samples can be measured by using pH-meter. The pH meter was standardized by buffer solution of pH – 4.0 and 9.2 pH (buffer tablets). The alkalinity of water was determined by titrating it with N/50 H2SO4 using phenolphthalein indicators and methyl orange.
Similarly all other parameters were measured by using standard methods of ISI and APHA standards.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION:
The pH of the water shows the deterioration of water quality. The describe range of water samples collected from different area in the range of 7.11 – 8.83 in the year 2006 – 2007 and 7.37 – 9.02 in the year 2007 – 2008. This shows the pH of water was alkaline.
The chloride concentration in the water sample was found to be 41.8 – 97.11 mg/L in year 2006 – 2007 and 68.1 – 397 mg/L. The high content of chloride have poisonous effects on plants, animals as well as human being6.
Hardness is the property of water7, which prevents lather formation with soap and increases the boiling point of water. It has no known adverse effect on health. However some evidences have been given to indicate its role in heart diseases. The degree of hardness of drinking water has been classified in terms of its equivalent CaCO3 concentration.
Sample 15 (S1): Jai Javan Cooperative sugar industry (bore well)
Sample 16 (S2): Pridarshani Indira Gandhi Co-operative sugar industry (bore well)
Sample 17 (S3): A dam, Hangara situated near (Dr. Shivaji Rao Patil Nilangekar Co-operative Sugar Industry)
Sample 18 (S4): Balaghat Co-operative Sugar Industry (bore well)
Seasonal variation in the bore well, open well water quality (June 2006 – 2007)
|
Parameters |
June |
December |
April |
|||||||||
|
Rainy season / Sample station |
Winter season / Sample station |
Summer season |
||||||||||
|
S1 |
S2 |
S3 |
S4 |
S1 |
S2 |
S3 |
S4 |
S1 |
S2 |
S3 |
S4 |
|
|
Temperature 0C |
8.55 |
8.09 |
8.39 |
8.83 |
7.59 |
8.08 |
7.11 |
7.32 |
8.79 |
8.72 |
7.98 |
8.62 |
|
pH |
8.55 |
8.09 |
8.39 |
8.83 |
7.59 |
8.08 |
7.11 |
7.32 |
8.79 |
8.72 |
7.98 |
8.62 |
|
Conductivity |
0.91 |
0.99 |
0.81 |
0.84 |
0.40 |
0.50 |
0.58 |
0.68 |
0.38 |
0.86 |
0.81 |
0.85 |
|
Alkalinity |
227 |
219 |
149 |
174 |
260 |
173 |
152 |
270 |
190 |
203 |
256 |
248 |
|
DO |
4.2 |
3.2 |
3.8 |
3.9 |
6.9 |
4.8 |
4.4 |
4.2 |
5.2 |
3.1 |
4.4 |
4.4 |
|
COD |
35.2 |
44.03 |
50.12 |
44.61 |
63.12 |
56.47 |
50.02 |
56.39 |
55.92 |
57.4 |
55.19 |
60.5 |
|
Chloride |
65.12 |
72 |
78 |
84 |
41.8 |
48.4 |
45.2 |
78.4 |
96.74 |
97.11 |
91.4 |
92.5 |
|
SO42– |
12.21 |
15.62 |
10.08 |
11.25 |
20.3 |
11.2 |
13.7 |
20.4 |
17.2 |
23.1 |
24.1 |
22.0 |
|
PO42– |
0.12 |
0.25 |
0.11 |
0.7 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
1.5 |
0.87 |
0.45 |
1.6 |
0.9 |
|
Mg2+ |
43 |
24 |
18 |
45 |
14.7 |
21.4 |
31.7 |
19.7 |
24.3 |
45.3 |
31.6 |
44.3 |
|
Ca2+ |
104 |
106 |
106 |
103 |
81.2 |
81.3 |
83.4 |
78.5 |
119 |
112 |
119 |
107 |
|
NO32– |
15.02 |
14.55 |
8.88 |
6.84 |
7.58 |
18.44 |
14.55 |
16.66 |
21.33 |
23.12 |
23.69 |
19.78 |
|
Na+ |
31.9 |
35.9 |
22.6 |
59.3 |
40.9 |
59.7 |
41.3 |
27.7 |
21.3 |
41.2 |
35.5 |
38.7 |
|
CO32– |
7.1 |
3.6 |
2.9 |
3.9 |
1.5 |
6.5 |
3.3 |
2.9 |
6.6 |
1.3 |
7.19 |
6.99 |
|
HCO3– |
111.2 |
44.09 |
35.6 |
19.7 |
28.1 |
39.0 |
13.2 |
36.3 |
50.4 |
77.8 |
59.4 |
33.8 |
Seasonal variation in the bore well, open well water quality (June 2007 – 2008)
|
Parameters |
June |
December |
April |
|||||||||
|
Rainy season / Sample station |
Winter season / Sample station |
Summer season |
||||||||||
|
S1 |
S2 |
S3 |
S4 |
S1 |
S2 |
S3 |
S4 |
S1 |
S2 |
S3 |
S4 |
|
|
Temperature 0C |
23 |
24 |
23 |
23 |
27 |
27 |
27 |
27 |
30 |
30.5 |
30.5 |
30 |
|
pH |
8.1 |
8.23 |
8.2 |
7.49 |
8.02 |
8.78 |
7.78 |
7.37 |
7.77 |
9.02 |
8.2 |
7.87 |
|
Conductivity |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.9 |
1.6 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.3 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
|
Alkalinity |
492 |
297 |
325 |
290 |
328 |
128 |
148 |
175 |
453 |
377 |
350 |
398 |
|
DO |
5.2 |
4.4 |
2.9 |
2.6 |
6.2 |
5.3 |
5.8 |
4.0 |
3.1 |
2.8 |
2.8 |
2.0 |
|
COD |
24.5 |
31.9 |
19.2 |
36.0 |
51.9 |
46.3 |
34.3 |
32 |
23.4 |
29.4 |
33.2 |
26 |
|
Chloride |
212 |
187 |
68.1 |
390 |
256 |
324 |
68.12 |
256 |
352 |
318 |
321 |
397 |
|
SO42– |
19.6 |
10.3 |
10.5 |
18.5 |
5.3 |
7.5 |
7.9 |
10.6 |
20.0 |
15.4 |
19.4 |
20.0 |
|
PO42– |
2.0 |
3.5 |
1.9 |
3.1 |
1.4 |
0.9 |
1.2 |
0.4 |
2.4 |
2.1 |
3.8 |
2.9 |
|
Mg2+ |
56.6 |
37.2 |
30.9 |
36.8 |
17.8 |
19.7 |
19.1 |
18.8 |
18.5 |
65.3 |
75.5 |
39.7 |
|
Ca2+ |
117.8 |
96.9 |
97.1 |
112.6 |
45.1 |
41.4 |
47.6 |
66.3 |
110.5 |
115 |
138.8 |
104.4 |
|
NO32– |
15.3 |
15.6 |
15.6 |
18.3 |
3.7 |
9.8 |
6.4 |
9.3 |
19.5 |
14.6 |
9.6 |
12.7 |
|
Na+ |
22.8 |
17.6 |
21.1 |
11.2 |
10.4 |
9.7 |
5.4 |
7.6 |
14.2 |
15.8 |
16.3 |
19.6 |
|
CO32– |
4.2 |
7.62 |
8.5 |
5.3 |
5.3 |
3.0 |
2.1 |
3.8 |
6.5 |
5.9 |
8.9 |
1.3 |
|
HCO3– |
953.4 |
67.4 |
54.7 |
61.0 |
13.6 |
12.0 |
19.1 |
32.0 |
11.4 |
14.5 |
43.1 |
36.7 |
Dissolved oxygen is one of the most important parameter in water quality assessment. Its presence is essential to maintain biological life in water. Low oxygen in water is responsible for killing fish and other living organisms in water.
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Received on 15.05.2011 Modified on 05.06.2011
Accepted on 24.08.2011 © AJRC All right reserved
Asian J. Research Chem. 4(10): Oct., 2011; Page 1513-1514